Seokguram Grotto

Overview

Seokguram Grotto is an artificial stone temple made of granite, located on Mt. Tohamsan. It represents the pinnacle of Silla's architectural, mathematical, and artistic achievements. The grotto consists of an ante-chamber, a corridor, and a main rotunda where a magnificent statue of the Buddha sits in serene meditation, facing the East Sea.

History

Built in 751 (the 10th year of King Gyeongdeok's reign) by Prime Minister Kim Dae-seong, Seokguram was originally called 'Seokbulsa' (Stone Buddha Temple). It was designed to represent the Pure Land (Buddhist Paradise). Despite being an artificial structure, it maintains a natural ventilation system through sophisticated engineering. It was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1995 along with Bulguksa Temple.

Things to see

Divine sculptures and architectural precision:

• **Bonjonbul (Principal Buddha Statue)**: A 3.5-meter-tall granite statue of Sakyamuni Buddha, renowned for its realistic proportions and calm, merciful expression.

• **Relief Sculptures**: The walls of the grotto are adorned with intricate carvings of the Eight Guardian Deities, Sakra, Brahma, and the Eleven-headed Avalokitesvara.

• **The Dome Architecture**: The ceiling of the rotunda is a masterpiece composed of 360 flat stones, fitted together without mortar through advanced stone-stacking techniques.

Things to do

Sunrise views and spiritual walks:

• **Witness the Sunrise**: Mt. Tohamsan is famous for its stunning sunrise over the East Sea. Many visitors hike up early in the morning to catch the first light hitting the peak.

• **Tohamsan Forest Trail**: Walk the peaceful path connecting Seokguram and Bulguksa (approx. 2.2km, 1 hour). It's a great way to enjoy the mountain's natural beauty and clean air.

• **Bell of Unity**: Near the parking lot, you can pay a small donation to ring the massive bell and make a wish for peace or personal happiness.