Gongsanseong Fortress

Overview

Gongsanseong Fortress is a mountain fortress built during the Baekje Dynasty (475–538) to protect the capital city of Ungjin. Spanning 2,660 meters in length, it is perched on a hill overlooking the Geumgang River. It represents the architectural and strategic ingenuity of the Baekje people and was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2015 as part of the 'Baekje Historic Areas.'

History

Originally known as Ungjinseong, it was an earthen fortress that served as the royal residence of the Baekje kings for 64 years. After the capital moved to Sabi (Buyeo), it remained a crucial military stronghold. Most of the earthen walls were rebuilt with stone during the Joseon Dynasty. Throughout history, it has witnessed major events, including the rebellion of Kim Heon-chang in the Silla period and King Injo’s refuge during the rebellion of Yi Gwal in 1624.

Things to see

Historic gates and panoramic vistas:

• The **Geumseoru Gate**: The majestic west gate and main entrance where the Royal Guard Changing Ceremony is often held.

• The **Gongbungnu Pavilion**: A north gate pavilion that offers one of the most iconic views of the Geumgang River winding around the fortress.

• The **Ssangsujeong Pavilion**: Built to commemorate King Injo’s stay under two oak trees while he waited for news that the rebellion had been suppressed.

Things to do

Interactive cultural experiences:

• Walk the **Fortress Wall Trail**: A 1.5 to 2-hour hike along the ridges that provides a panoramic view of Gongju’s old and new downtown areas.

• Experience the **Changing of the Guard**: Watch the traditional reenactment of the royal guard shift, held on weekends during the peak seasons (Apr-Oct).

• Visit at **Night**: The fortress walls are illuminated beautifully after sunset, making it a premier spot for night photography and romantic walks.