Suwonhwaseong Fortress

Overview

Suwon Hwaseong Fortress is a massive fortification that surrounds the center of Suwon. Built in the late 18th century (1794–1796) by King Jeongjo, it represents the pinnacle of Joseon Dynasty military architecture. Unlike traditional fortresses, it was designed to function as both a defensive wall and a bustling commercial city. Its construction involved the "Silhak" (Practical Learning) movement's advanced scientific tools like the 'Geojunggi' (a type of crane).

History

The fortress was built to honor King Jeongjo's father, Crown Prince Sado, whose tomb was moved to Suwon. It was also intended to be a new political and economic hub to strengthen royal authority. Despite being partially damaged during the Japanese colonial era and the Korean War, it was meticulously restored using the "Hwaseong Seongyeok Uigwe" (the original construction records), which led to its UNESCO listing in 1997.

Things to see

Scientific military structures and royal elegance:

• **Janganmun & Paldalmun Gates**: The grand north and south gates, featuring unique semi-circular "Ongseong" walls for enhanced defense.

• **Hwahongmun & Banghwasuryujeong**: A beautiful water gate with seven arches and an exquisite pavilion perched on a cliff, famous for its harmonious view with the pond below.

• **Hwaseong Haenggung Palace**: The largest temporary palace in Korea, where the king stayed during his visits to the tomb and the fortress.

• **Seojangdae (Western Command Post)**: Located at the highest point of Mt. Paldal, offering a breathtaking panoramic view of the entire city and fortress.

Things to do

Leisure and cultural activities:

• **Walk the Fortress Wall**: A 5.7km trail that takes about 2.5 to 3 hours to complete. The night view is particularly famous for its romantic lighting.

• **Ride the Hwaseong Tourist Trolley**: A sightseeing train that runs along the main attractions of the fortress, perfect for families and elderly visitors.

• **Traditional Archery Experience**: At Yeonmudae (Dongjangdae), you can learn and practice traditional Korean archery just like the soldiers of the Joseon era.

• **Visit Haengnidan-gil**: A trendy street near the palace filled with chic cafes, restaurants, and murals, blending modern vibes with historical scenery.